How to creatively finance sustainability initiatives
Transition finance, the capital required to move companies from today’s linear operating models toward more resilient ones, has become a central focus for sustainability leaders. Yet unlocking finance remains one of the largest barriers corporations face in achieving their sustainability goals.
From financially quantifying the benefits of adaptation and resilience to grappling with misaligned risk-return profiles and central budget competition, many corporations struggle to translate long‑term transition plans into bankable investments.
One misunderstood and therefore underutilized mechanism for financing sustainability initiatives is structured finance. The concept of structured finance is nothing new – think mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt, and syndications. In the field of sustainability, corporate leaders such as Starbucks, Apple, and Walmart have been issuing green bonds, another form of structured finance, to fund projects for years. Similarly, climate-focused technology companies have long used project finance (structured loans secured against the cash flows of a specific asset), to get their operations up and running.
These tools play an important role, but they represent only a narrow slice of what’s possible. More flexible and creative structured finance approaches – designed explicitly to manage risk, extend time horizons, and value non‑traditional returns – remain significantly underutilized.
Defined: Structured finance in sustainability
Structured finance focuses on how capital is raised, allocated, and de‑risked, using customized financial structures to make sustainability projects investable within corporate and capital‑market constraints. Its defining feature is risk mitigation. While traditional structured finance is known for pooling assets to increase potential returns, the real magic of structured finance, particularly in sustainability, is its ability to repackage or reduce risk for lenders and investors.
Read on to learn why structured finance can be such a powerful tool in unlocking the next phase of corporate sustainability investment and a few examples of success.
The importance of structured finance in sustainability
Many corporate sustainability initiatives are still funded through standard budget allocation processes, which poses a variety of challenges:
- Time horizons are mismatched. Sustainability investments often require longer payback periods than conventional capital projects.
- Misaligned metrics for business risks and benefits. The full range of benefits offered by sustainability initiatives, such as reduced physical risk exposure, ecosystem restoration, and supply chain resilience, do not map cleanly onto traditional financial metrics like internal rate of return (IRR).
- Costs are difficult to quantify. The cost of high-impact sustainability initiatives, particularly in the value chain, is hard to model with confidence.
- Cost can be too high to justify investment. Even when costs can be quantified, they’re often higher than expected. Early-stage innovations lack economies of scale, and as mentioned above, many organizations often don’t account for the full range of benefits. As a result, returns can appear too low relative to upfront costs.
All of this can create a dynamic where sustainability investments, especially in a resource-constrained environment, are perceived as less valuable than other business activities and therefore not allocated the dollars needed to drive progress.
When sustainability initiatives are evaluated solely through traditional financial lenses, many fail to clear internal hurdles – not because they lack value, but because their value is expressed differently (or not at all).
Structured finance offers a way to overcome these constraints by intentionally controlling how risk is defined:
At its core, structured finance is a risk‑management tool. According to the World Bank, the value of structured finance is its ability to reduce risk to lenders, resulting in reduced rates of interest and longer time horizons.
This is particularly important for companies at earlier stages of their transition finance journey, as structured finance can reduce the perception of risk. For example, some structured finance mechanisms can be designed to sit off‑balance sheet, an attribute that can help gain buy-in from corporate finance and accounting teams.
Structured finance can position sustainability investments in a way that aligns with internal capital allocation realities, improving the likelihood of approval and long-term support.
In many organizations, promising projects stall because they don’t meet the central finance function’s risk-return thresholds or compete effectively against core business investments. Structured finance offers a way to redesign the capital stack so that risk is reduced or reallocated and projects become more aligned with internal investment criteria.
For example, a regenerative agriculture pilot that may not initially satisfy central budget requirements could be financed through a dedicated special purpose vehicle (a distinct, legally separate entity), alongside external partners such as banks, other corporates, or philanthropic investors. By reallocating risk and introducing blended capital, the structure can improve the project’s overall risk-return profile, making it easier to secure central funds.
Because structured finance instruments are inherently customizable, they can be designed to translate sustainability benefits into metrics that match the priorities of different investor types.
For instance, if you're using IRR as a threshold, it’s important to also incorporate sustainability benefits and the cost to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of operational investments. A structured finance transaction could incorporate metrics such as dollars per net present value (NPV) of sustainability impact – gallons of water restored, hectares under regenerative management, tons of emissions avoided, etc.
This framing might be particularly useful to a corporate investor interested in connecting sustainability performance to long-term continuity, cost stability, and brand value.
At its core, structured finance is a risk‑management tool. According to the World Bank, the value of structured finance is its ability to reduce risk to lenders, resulting in reduced rates of interest and longer time horizons.
This is particularly important for companies at earlier stages of their transition finance journey, as structured finance can reduce the perception of risk. For example, some structured finance mechanisms can be designed to sit off‑balance sheet, an attribute that can help gain buy-in from corporate finance and accounting teams.
Structured finance can position sustainability investments in a way that aligns with internal capital allocation realities, improving the likelihood of approval and long-term support.
In many organizations, promising projects stall because they don’t meet the central finance function’s risk-return thresholds or compete effectively against core business investments. Structured finance offers a way to redesign the capital stack so that risk is reduced or reallocated and projects become more aligned with internal investment criteria.
For example, a regenerative agriculture pilot that may not initially satisfy central budget requirements could be financed through a dedicated special purpose vehicle (a distinct, legally separate entity), alongside external partners such as banks, other corporates, or philanthropic investors. By reallocating risk and introducing blended capital, the structure can improve the project’s overall risk-return profile, making it easier to secure central funds.
Because structured finance instruments are inherently customizable, they can be designed to translate sustainability benefits into metrics that match the priorities of different investor types.
For instance, if you're using IRR as a threshold, it’s important to also incorporate sustainability benefits and the cost to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of operational investments. A structured finance transaction could incorporate metrics such as dollars per net present value (NPV) of sustainability impact – gallons of water restored, hectares under regenerative management, tons of emissions avoided, etc.
This framing might be particularly useful to a corporate investor interested in connecting sustainability performance to long-term continuity, cost stability, and brand value.
Structured finance in action
Structured finance may seem abstract or overly complex. In practice, it’s just about designing financial solutions that better align with the risk‑return profile of sustainability investments. Below are a few ways structured finance can be applied across the corporate sustainability landscape.
1) De-risking emerging solutions with first-loss capital
Despite adequate demand signals, emerging sustainability solutions often struggle to attract commercial capital because early-stage risk remains too high. Structured finance tools can help bridge that gap by reallocating risk across participants in a transaction.
One such tool is a first-loss investor. For instance, consider the development of low-carbon concrete made from processed woody biomass. While the technology may show promise, performance uncertainty and scale-up risk can deter corporate buyers and traditional investors. To reduce that risk, a philanthropic or impact-focused investor could agree to absorb initial losses if the project underperforms. By taking on early-stage downside exposure, the first-loss investor catalyzes participation from corporates and commercial capital that would otherwise remain on the sidelines.
Rooftop concrete installation at a manufacturing facility.
2) Supply‑chain finance for sustainability performance
Supply chain finance programs provide subsidies, incentives, or even direct loans to suppliers demonstrating high performance on sustainability. Early pioneers such as Levi Strauss & Co., in partnership with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), demonstrated how preferential financing terms could incentivize stronger environmental, health, safety, and labor practices across global garment supply chains.
More recent examples include PepsiCo’s supplier financing partnership with Citi and Walmart’s Scope 3 emissions program with HSBC, both of which link access to capital with verified sustainability performance. These programs reduce risk by leveraging the creditworthiness of large corporate buyers while requiring clear proof of supplier eligibility.
However, supply chain finance doesn’t necessarily require a traditional bank partner. Cross‑sector collaborations and fintech platforms like C2FO can play a similar role, expanding access to capital for smaller suppliers.
3) Advanced market commitments
Advanced market commitments (AMCs) provide legally binding guarantees to purchase a product once it’s developed. While AMCs alone are not structured finance instruments, they can serve as the foundation for one by unlocking the ability to secure funding.
For example, in the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) landscape, AMCs via long‑term offtake agreements have become central to scaling production. When a SAF producer secures long‑term offtake agreements from corporate buyers, those contracts create predictable future cash flows. Assuming the offtakes are recognized by a bank, the producer is then able to secure the necessary financing to build its SAF refinery and ultimately make good on its promise to corporate buyers.
SAF offtakes in action: Twelve
Offtake agreements are already driving investable SAF capacity. Twelve, a power-to-liquid fuels company, secured long-term multi-million-gallon SAF offtake agreements with buyers including IAG and follow-on commitments from United Airlines, alongside capital from Alaska Air Group. Combined investment and AMCs helped underpin financing for Twelve’s first commercial E-Jet® SAF production facility, currently slated to produce 50,000 gallons of SAF annually.
Advanced market commitments have also helped spur real investment in other emerging innovations like carbon removal. For example, Frontier’s AMC – backed by Google, Stripe, Meta, and other corporate buyers – pledged over $1 billion for permanent carbon removal, helping suppliers secure predictable revenue and unlock capital that would otherwise have been unavailable.
Finance as a catalyst, not a constraint
In an ever-changing planetary and geopolitical landscape, the need to build creative sustainable growth strategies has never been clearer. To meet this moment, companies need financial pathways that are equally innovative.
The power of structured finance lies in its ability to isolate risk and unlock funding within traditional corporate budgeting and capital-market constraints. And remember, structured finance doesn’t need to be overly complex. As former Starbucks CSO Michael Kobori mentioned on a recent episode of Frontiers, “Don’t be afraid of finance!”
Structured finance isn’t a silver bullet, but it is a critical tool in the transition finance toolkit. When used thoughtfully, structured finance can transform financial complexity from a barrier into a catalyst for corporate sustainability.
Earth Finance helps companies design and implement finance solutions that thoughtfully manage risk and align capital with sustainability outcomes. Get in touch to see what transition finance pathways might work for your organization.